間 (あいだ) = space between two things/a period of time.
落ちる間に = Period of time (subject) falls.
It’s an absolute time expression, which is why it takes に.
ひま = free time.
たっぷり = in large quantities.
たっぷり is a り-adverb describing some action or attribute as existing in large quantities.
…ひまがたっぷりあって = plentifully there existed free time
落ちる間にひまがたっぷりあって = During the period of time (subject) falls, free time plentifully existed and…
まわりをゆっくり見まわせた
回る (まわる) = go around (self-move).
回す (まわす) = to make go around (other-move).
まわり = around-goer (noun, as its verb left in い-stem on its own, uses kanji 回り) OR surroundings (what is around, uses different kanji 周り)
まわり here is 周り = surroundings.
見回す (みまわす) = send looking around/make your looking go around. It is まわす attached to the い-stem of 見る (miru). You are making something go around (まわす)—what exactly? Your looking (見る).
見まわせる = 見回す (in potential form).
まわりをゆっくり見まわせた = (subject) could/was able to leisurely send their looking around the surroundings.
落ちる間にひまがたっぷりあってまわりをゆっくり見まわせた = During the period of time (subject) fell, free time plentifully existed and (subject) was able to leisurely send their looking around the surroundings.
まずは、下を見てみたけど、 暗すぎて何も見えなかった。 = First of all, she tried looking down, but it was too dark so nothing was visible (nothing could be seen).
やってみる = やる (to do (causal)) in て-form + てみる = Try doing and see/give it a try.
見てみる = 見る (て-form) + みる = Try to look and see.
何 (なに) = something/anything/thing. Can be used as the が-marked subject in a clause.
目に止まるのは = As for the thing that stopped her eye/As for eye stopping thing’s.
With regards to the の (possessive particle), when sufficient context is available, the entity assigned to the possessor may be omitted. E.g If someone asks “whose dress looks the best”, what the entity is (dress) can be inferred from context, and one may directly name the class. さくらのドレス (Sakura’s dress) → さくらの (Sakura’s).
Essentially, simply appending the の particle without specifying something after, is to leave it up to context (class that thing belongs to).
Here the の (nominalizing particle) essentially turns 目に止まる into an adjective describing a hidden thing (もの).
目に止まる = Stop an eye.
目に止まるの = Thing that stops an eye.
目に止まるのは = As for the thing that stops (her) eye.
(zeroが)ぎっしりならんだとだなや本だなだった
The や particle + exclusive and
You can say and by putting two clauses together with the て-form (clauseてclause (clause and clause)).
They are differentiated by exclusion. と implies there are only the specified things in the added list relative to the topic, whereas や implies that the list is not exhaustive, that there are (or at least may be) other things not mentioned.
The most basic use of the から particle
Sentence: たなの一つからびんを取り下した
たなの一つ (たなのひとつから) = shelve’s one from/from one shelf.